Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
Polyurea ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino poteteza dzimbiri pamwamba pa matanki osungiramo zinthu, kuletsa madzi kulowa m'nyumba za konkire monga malo oimika magalimoto, malo osungiramo zinthu, ndi ma tunnel, komanso ngati zodzaza kapena zomatira.
- Mndandanda wautali wa zipangizo ukhoza kulembedwa ngati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira zosalowa madzi. Kwa zaka mazana angapo, njira yokhayo yomwe inalipo inali zinthu zopangidwa ndi phula. M'zaka za m'ma 1900, zipangizo zina zambiri zinapangidwa, kuphatikizapo epoxy ndi vinyl ester.
- Polyurea ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri wopaka utoto. Zipangizozi, zomwe zinapangidwira makampani opanga magalimoto kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, tsopano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha kuchira kwake mwachangu, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kukana kuwonongeka, zapita patsogolo kwambiri pakupanga njira zothirira madzi m'zaka 10 zapitazi.
- Pamene polyurea inapangidwa, anthu ankayembekezera kuti polyurea ikhale ndi zinthu zosavutikira madzi. Mwa kusintha magulu a carboxyl mu polyurethane ndi magulu a amino, chinthu chomwe tsopano timachitcha polyurea chinapezeka. Chinthuchi sichimva bwino madzi poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi polyurethane.
- Polyurea ili ndi mitundu iwiri yofanana. Aromatic polyurea imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Kagwiridwe kake ka mankhwala kangasiyane kwambiri, motero kamakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndipotu, vuto lokhalo la utoto uwu ndi kusakhazikika bwino kwa UV. Mtundu wina ndi aliphatic polyurea. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zamakemikolo kuti ikhale ndi kukhazikika bwino kwa UV, chilango cha mtengo chimaperekedwa. Mtengo wa polyurea uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wowirikiza kawiri kuposa wa aromatic polyurea.
Zinthu zomwe zili mu malonda
Zophimba za polyurea, monga mtundu watsopano wa zophimba zapamwamba, zili ndi makhalidwe ambiri odabwitsa.
- Ili ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi, monga kukana kuvala bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chophimbacho chikhalebe cholimba komanso choteteza kwa nthawi yayitali ngakhale m'malo omwe nthawi zambiri amakangana ndi kuwonongeka;
- Nthawi yomweyo, ili ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa kugwedezeka, kukana bwino mphamvu zakunja za kugwedezeka ndikuteteza pamwamba pa chinthu chophimbidwa kuti chisawonongeke.
- Ponena za makhalidwe ake a mankhwala, zophimba za polyurea zimalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri. Kaya zikukumana ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma acid, alkali, kapena m'malo ovuta monga chinyezi chambiri komanso kupopera mchere wambiri, zimatha kukhalabe zokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo sizimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala omwe angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zophimba.
- Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa nyengo, imasunga kukhazikika kwake mu nyengo zosiyanasiyana, monga kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kochepa, ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet, popanda kukumana ndi mavuto monga ufa, kusintha mtundu, kapena kusweka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Kuthamanga kwa zophimba za polyurea kumachira mwachangu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri ndipo zimathandiza kuti zophimbazo zithe kumalizidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa nthawi yochepa.
- Kuphatikiza apo, imamatirira bwino ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, imatha kumamatira kwambiri pamwamba pa zitsulo, konkire, matabwa, ndi zina zotero, ndikupanga chitetezo cholimba komanso chokhazikika.
UBWINO WA ZOPANGIDWA
- Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe ma polyurea atchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana ya makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Webusaiti ya Polyurea.com imanena poyera kuti ponena za makhalidwe enieni omwe alipo, palibe ma polyurea ena padziko lonse omwe angafanane ndi polyurea. Mwa kusintha njira iyi, zinthu za polyurea zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makhalidwe, kuyambira kutalika kwambiri mpaka mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yogwira, koma izi zikugwirizana ndi njira ya zinthuzo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molondola. Polyurea imamatira bwino kwambiri kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo konkire, chitsulo, ndi matabwa, ngakhale popanda primer, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo omwe kutentha ndi chinyezi zimasinthasintha kwambiri. Mwina ubwino wodabwitsa wa polyurea ndi kuchira kwake mwachangu kwambiri. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, polyurea imatha kufika makulidwe ofunikira mu mtundu umodzi, womwe ndi wothamanga kangapo kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito ma coat achikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa mwiniwakeyo kuyambiranso kugwiritsa ntchito malowa ndikuchepetsa kutayika chifukwa cha nthawi yogwira ntchito.
- Kukhuthala kwa zophimba za polyurea kamodzi kokha kumatha kuyambira 0.5mm mpaka 12.7mm, ndipo nthawi yoziziritsa imatenga mphindi ziwiri zokha, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwachangu.
- Monga chophimba cha filimu chokhuthala chomwe chimachira mwachangu, pamene pakufunika kuletsa madzi kwa nembanemba kosasunthika komanso kolimba, polyurea ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Zinthu zina, monga kufunikira kuti zisaterereke komanso kuti pamwamba pakhale mawonekedwe, zitha kupezekanso kudzera m'njira zina. Chophimbacho chikhoza kupakidwa utoto ndipo chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'malo omwe akukwaniritsa zofunikira za madzi akumwa.
- Chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake osiyanasiyana, polyurea ili ndi ntchito zambiri. Mkati mwa matanki osungiramo zinthu, zigawo zina zoteteza, ndi chitetezo cha pamwamba pa milatho ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamtunduwu. Ndipotu, mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito polyurea ndi wopanda malire.
- Matanki a mafakitale oyeretsera madzi otayira nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi vortex, scouring, ndi mpweya wambiri wa hydrogen sulfide panthawi yosefera, kusakaniza, ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi. Kugwiritsa ntchito polyurea kungapereke kukana kutayika, kukana mankhwala, komanso kukana kukhudzidwa, ndipo kungabwezeretse fakitaleyo mwachangu, zomwe zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri kuposa njira zina zambiri.
- Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa milatho ndi madera ena omwe angagwedezeke ndi kusunthika, kusinthasintha kwa polyurea ndi ubwino wina kuposa zokutira zopyapyala komanso zosasinthasintha monga epoxy.
Zosowa za Zinthu
- Zachidziwikire, polyurea ilinso ndi zovuta zina. Zipangizo zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira za polyurea ndizokwera mtengo, kuyambira $15,000 mpaka $50,000 kapena kupitirira apo. Pulatifomu yomanga yoyendetsedwa ndi zida zonse imatha kuwononga $100,000.
- Mtengo wa zinthu za polyurea ndi wokweranso kuposa wa zinthu zina zophikira. Mtengo woyamba ndi wokwera kuposa wa epoxy. Komabe, popeza nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu za polyurea ndi nthawi 3 mpaka 5 kuposa ya zinthu zina, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama panthawi yonse ya ntchitoyo kuli ndi ubwino wake.
- Monga zinthu zina zilizonse zotetezera madzi, kapangidwe kosayenera kangayambitsenso kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, zofunikira pakupanga ndi zokutira za polyurea ndizokwera kwambiri. Kukonza pamwamba monga kuphulika kwa mchenga kapena kuyika pulasitala ndikofunikira kwambiri pa polyurea. Mapulojekiti ambiri olephera okutira a polyurea sagwirizana ndi polyurea yokha, koma amayamba chifukwa cha kusamalidwa bwino kapena kusasamalidwa bwino pamwamba.
Ntchito yomanga
- Ma polyurea ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothira madzi amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopopera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, njira yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe osakaniza a amino resin ndi zinthu za isocyanate zimayikidwa padera m'zidebe za malita 50. Pomanga pamalo ogwirira ntchito, zomwe zili m'zidebe za malita 50 zimasamutsidwira ku thanki ya zida zopopera ndikutenthedwa kutentha koyenera (60-71°C). Kenako, isocyanate ndi polyol resin zimatumizidwa kudzera mu payipi yotenthedwa kupita ku mfuti yopopera.
- Chiŵerengero cha zinthu ziwirizi chimayendetsedwa bwino, nthawi zambiri pa chiŵerengero cha 1:1.
- Nthawi yochira ya polyurea imayesedwa m'masekondi, kotero mankhwala awa amatha kusakanizidwa nthawi yomweyo akatuluka mu mfuti yopopera; apo ayi, amachira ndikulimba mu mfuti yopopera.
- Opanga ena amagulitsa zipangizo zopopera zoyenda, kuphatikizapo zida zonse ndi zida, zomwe zimayikidwa pa mathireyala kapena mabedi a magalimoto akuluakulu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-13-2025
