Nkhani

Mawu Oyamba

M'dziko lokongola, utoto uli ngati ndodo yamatsenga, yomwe imawonjezera kukongola kosatha ndi chithumwa m'miyoyo yathu. Kuchokera ku nyumba zokongola kupita ku nyumba zabwino kwambiri, kuchokera ku zida zapamwamba zamafakitale mpaka zofunika zatsiku ndi tsiku, zokutira zili paliponse ndipo mwakachetechete zimagwira ntchito yofunika. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito utoto, vuto lomwe nthawi zambiri limavutitsa anthu limatuluka mwakachetechete, ndiko kuti, mvula ndi makeke.

1. maonekedwe a mvula ndi makeke

M'dziko la zokutira, mvula ndi agglomeration ali ngati alendo osaitanidwa, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mavuto kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mosadziwa. Sizimangokhudza maonekedwe a zokutira, komanso zimakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri zoipa pa ntchito yake ndi zomangamanga.
Mpweya nthawi zambiri amatanthauza chodabwitsa kuti tinthu olimba mu utoto pang'onopang'ono kumira chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka ndi kusonkhanitsa pansi pa chidebe posungira kapena ntchito. Tinthu zolimba izi zitha kukhala pigment, fillers, kapena zowonjezera zina. Caking imatanthawuza tinthu tating'ono ta utoto tolumikizana pamodzi kuti tipange mtanda wokulirapo. Mlingo wa makeke ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera pa mtanda wofewa pang'ono kupita ku mtanda wolimba.
Tikamatsegula chidebe cha utoto chomwe chasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri timapeza matope okhuthala pansi, kapena timawona ming'oma yamitundu yosiyanasiyana mu utoto. Madipoziti ndi ma clumps awa samangokhudza mawonekedwe a utoto, kuti awoneke osagwirizana komanso osawoneka bwino, komanso amatha kukhudza kwambiri ntchito ya utoto.

2, zotsatira zoyipa za mvula ndi makeke

Choyamba, mvula ndi makeke zimakhudza ntchito yomanga utoto. Ngati utoto wambiri ulipo mu utoto, panthawi yomanga, matopewa amatha kutsekereza mfuti yopopera, burashi kapena roller, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zomanga. Kuonjezera apo, kukhalapo kwa matope kumapangitsanso kuti madzi amadzimadzi azikhala osauka, ovuta kufalikira mofanana pamwamba pa zinthu zowonongeka, motero zimakhudza khalidwe la ❖ kuyanika. Kwa zokutira makeke, zinthu ndizovuta kwambiri. Utoto wa keke ndi wovuta kugwedezeka mofanana, ndipo ngakhale utamangidwa movutikira, udzapanga zolakwika zoonekeratu mu zokutira, monga tokhala, ming'alu ndi zina zotero.

Kachiwiri, mvula ndi makeke zimachepetsa ntchito ya utoto. Nkhumba ndi zodzaza mu zokutira ndizofunikira kwambiri pozindikira momwe amagwirira ntchito. Ngati particles precipitate kapena caking, zidzachititsa kuti m'goli kugawa inki ndi fillers mu utoto, zomwe zingakhudze ❖ kuyanika kubisala mphamvu, mtundu bata, kukana nyengo ndi katundu wina. Mwachitsanzo, ma pigment oyikapo amatha kupangitsa mtundu wa zokutira kukhala wopepuka kapena wosafanana, pomwe zodzaza ndi makeke zimatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi kukana kwa zokutira.

Kuphatikiza apo, mvula ndi makeke zingakhudzenso kukhazikika kosungirako utoto. Ngati utoto umakhala wocheperako komanso wopaka utoto nthawi yosungira, umafupikitsa moyo wa alumali wa utoto ndikuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwa utoto. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mukubwadamuka pafupipafupi ndi chithandizo cha mvula ndi agglomeration adzawonjezera wosuta ntchito ndi mtengo.

3. Kusanthula zomwe zimayambitsa mvula ndi makeke

Choyamba, katundu wa inki ndi fillers ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kuti kumabweretsa mpweya ndi caking. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pigment ndi fillers imakhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, kukula kwa tinthu ndi mawonekedwe. Nthawi zambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochulukira komanso kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatha kugwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe apamwamba amitundu ina ndi ma fillers amakhudzanso kukhazikika kwawo mu zokutira. Mwachitsanzo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi hydrophilic pamwamba timakonda kuyamwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhale mvula komanso kukwera.

Kachiwiri, mapangidwe ❖ kuyanika kumakhalanso ndi zotsatira zofunika pa mvula ndi caking. Kupanga zokutira kumaphatikizapo ma resins, solvents, pigment, fillers ndi othandizira osiyanasiyana. Ngati ngakhale utomoni ntchito chilinganizo ndi pigment ndi filler si zabwino, kapena kusankha molakwika zina, zidzachititsa bata la utoto yafupika, ndipo n'zosavuta precipitate ndi caking. Mwachitsanzo, ma resins ena amatha kuyandama m'madzi osungunulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mvula yamitundu ndi zodzaza. Kuphatikiza apo, chiŵerengero cha pigment ku utomoni ndi kuchuluka kwa zodzaza zidzakhudzanso kukhazikika kwa zokutira. Ngati kuchuluka kwa pigment ndi fillers ndikwambiri, kupitilira mphamvu yonyamulira utomoni, ndikosavuta kugwa komanso kuyika.

Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zosungirako ndizinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kugwa kwa ❖ kuyanika ndi kuyika. Utoto uyenera kusungidwa pamalo owuma, ozizira komanso olowera mpweya wabwino. Ngati kutentha kwa malo osungirako kumakhala kwakukulu, chinyezi chimakhala chokwera kwambiri, kapena chidebe cha penti sichimasindikizidwa mwamphamvu, chimapangitsa kuti utotowo utenge madzi kapena kuipitsidwa, zomwe zingayambitse mvula ndi agglomeration. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi, zosungunulira mu utoto zimasungunuka mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utoto uwonjezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pigment ndi filler ziwonjezeke. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulowa kwa madzi kumapangitsanso kuti ma pigment ndi ma fillers ayambe kuchitidwa ndi hydrolysis ndikupanga mpweya.

Kuonjezera apo, njira yopangira ndi kusakaniza njira yokutira idzakhudzanso mvula ndi caking. Ngati inki ndi fillers si mokwanira omwazika pa kupanga ndondomeko, kapena kusanganikirana si yunifolomu, zidzachititsa particles kuti akaphatikiza ndi kupanga precipitates ndi clumps. Kuonjezera apo, panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kusungira utoto, ngati ikugwedezeka kwambiri kapena kugwedezeka, ikhoza kuwononganso kukhazikika kwa utoto, kuchititsa mpweya ndi agglomeration.

4, fufuzani njira zabwino zothanirana ndi mvula ndi makeke

Choyamba, yambani ndi kusankha inki ndi fillers. Posankha inki ndi zodzaza, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochepa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika ayenera kusankhidwa momwe angathere. Nthawi yomweyo, tcherani khutu ku mawonekedwe amtundu wa pigment ndi fillers, ndikusankha zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi utomoni. Mwachitsanzo, ma pigment ndi ma fillers omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba amatha kusankhidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kufalikira kwawo komanso kukhazikika mu zokutira.

Kachiwiri, mapangidwe ❖ kuyanika ndi wokometsedwa. Popanga mapangidwe, kuyanjana pakati pa resins, solvents, pigments, fillers ndi othandizira ayenera kuganiziridwa bwino, ndipo zipangizo zoyenera ndi ma ratios ziyenera kusankhidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kusankha utomoni wogwirizana bwino ndi utoto ndi zodzaza, kusintha chiŵerengero cha ma pigment ndi resins, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zodzaza. Kuonjezera apo, zina zowonjezera monga anti-settling agents ndi dispersants zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti zikhale zolimba za utoto.

Komanso, zinthu yosungirako ndi mosamalitsa ankalamulira. Utoto uyenera kusungidwa pamalo owuma, ozizira, olowera mpweya wabwino, kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, onetsetsani kuti chidebe cha penti chimasindikizidwa bwino kuti musalowemo chinyezi ndi zonyansa. Panthawi yosungira, utoto ukhozanso kugwedezeka nthawi zonse kuti mvula isagwe ndi kuyika.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonza njira zopangira ndi kusakaniza njira. Popanga, zida ndi njira zobalalitsira zapamwamba ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti ma pigment ndi ma fillers amwazikana kwathunthu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tcherani khutu ku liwiro ndi nthawi yosakanikirana kuti mupewe kusakaniza kwakukulu kapena kusakaniza kosagwirizana. Poyendetsa ndi kusungirako utoto, m'pofunikanso kupewa kugwedezeka kwachiwawa ndi kugwedezeka.

Kwa zokutira zomwe zatsika komanso zomangika, titha kuchitapo kanthu kuti tithane nazo. Ngati mvula ili yopepuka, matope amatha kumwazikananso mu utoto poyambitsa. Mukasakaniza, mungagwiritse ntchito makina osakaniza kapena chida chophatikizira chamanja kuti muwonetsetse kuti kusakaniza kuli kofanana. Ngati mvula ikugwa kwambiri, mutha kuganiziranso kuwonjezera zothira madzi kapena diluent kuti matopewo azibalalitsa. Pakuti caked utoto, mukhoza choyamba kuswa caked, ndiyeno akuyambitsa. Ngati nsongazo ndizovuta kwambiri kuthyoka, utoto ukhoza kukhala wosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo uyenera kuchotsedwa.

8. Mwachidule ndi Malingaliro

Mwachidule, mvula ndi makeke mu zokutira ndi vuto lovuta lomwe limafuna kulingalira mozama ndi yankho kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri. Posankha inki yoyenera ndi zodzaza, kukhathamiritsa mapangidwe ❖ kuyanika, mosamalitsa kulamulira mikhalidwe yosungirako, kuwongolera njira kupanga ndi kusakaniza njira, mpweya ndi caking akhoza bwino kuchepetsedwa, ndi khalidwe ndi bata ❖ kuyanika akhoza bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chifukwa cha zokutira zomwe zakhala zikuyenda bwino komanso zimapangidwira, tikhoza kutenganso njira zochiritsira zoyenera kuti tibwezeretse ntchito yophimba momwe tingathere.

M'tsogolomu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga zokutira, tiyenera kulabadira kwambiri bata ndi kulamulira khalidwe la zokutira, ndi nthawi zonse kufufuza umisiri watsopano ndi njira zothetsera mavuto monga mpweya ndi caking. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ogwira ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito makampani opanga utoto ayenera kulimbikitsanso kumvetsetsa kwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito utoto, kusankha kolondola ndi kugwiritsa ntchito utoto, kuti apewe mavuto monga mvula ndi caking zomwe zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito utoto.

Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kuchuluka kwa zokutira zokondera zachilengedwe komanso zowoneka bwino kwambiri, tikukhulupirira kuti posachedwapa, titha kupanga zida zokutira zokhazikika komanso zapamwamba kwambiri kuti zithandizire kwambiri chitukuko cha madera osiyanasiyana.

Monga chinthu chofunikira, utoto umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wathu. Kuyambira kukongoletsa kamangidwe mpaka kuwononga mafakitale, kuyambira kukongoletsa kunyumba mpaka kupanga magalimoto, zokutira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi udindo ndi udindo woonetsetsa kuti zokutira zili bwino ndikuchita bwino, kuti pakhale malo abwino okhalamo anthu. Kuthetsa vuto la mvula ndi caking mu zokutira ndi sitepe yofunika kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi.

Tiyeni tigwire ntchito limodzi kuti tipereke mphamvu zathu pa chitukuko ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito ya utoto, kuti utoto ugwire ntchito yaikulu m'madera osiyanasiyana. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi khama lathu limodzi, tsogolo la mafakitale opaka utoto lidzakhala bwino.

Zambiri zaife

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